Cycle

Cycle

Type:Node

View examples

The Inputs, Emissions, Products, and Practices created or used during a period. A Cycle also includes a Completeness assessment, describing how complete the Inputs and Products data are, and Transformations, which allow Products to be transformed into new Products in the same Cycle. For animal production Cycles, the types of Animal present can also be specified. A Cycle occurs on a Site.

FieldTypeRequiredDefinition
description
stringNo

A description of the Cycle, including information that cannot be captured with other fields.

functionalUnit
stringYes

The units that the inputs, emissions, products, and transformations are expressed 'per'. Can either be: 1 ha (one hectare) or relative (meaning that the quantities of Inputs and Emissions correspond to the quantities of Products). If the primary product is a crop or forage, the functional unit must be 1 ha.

Possible values are: 1 ha, relative

functionalUnitDetails
stringNo

Further information on the functional unit (e.g., 'one batch').

endDate
stringYes

The end date of the Cycle in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM, or YYYY). If startDate is specified to month or day precision, endDate must be too. For crops, endDate must be the harvest date. For continually harvested crops, it should be the end of the year.

startDate
stringNo

The start date of the Cycle in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM, or YYYY). It is calculated as endDate - cycleDuration. For temporary crops, the start date should be the date of harvest of the previous crop for consistency with FAOSTAT (where a long fallow period is counted as a crop). For permanent crops it should be the start of the year. However other start dates can be used, such as the sowing date or soil preparation date. While the schema allows only one startDate, use terms from the glossary to record further information (e.g., with terms like Cropping duration).

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • startDateDefinition must also be set.

startDateDefinition
stringNo

A definition of what the start date is. This is a required field if startDate or cycleDuration are provided.

Possible values are: harvest of previous crop, soil preparation date, sowing date, transplanting date, orchard or vineyard establishment date, first bearing year, stocking date, start of animal life, start of year, one year prior, start of wild harvest period

cycleDuration
numberNo

The duration of the Cycle in days, equal to endDate - startDate. For crop production Cycles, this should generally be 365 days or less, but to account for short fallows before the main production Cycle it can be longer, but must be 730 days or less.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • startDateDefinition must also be set.

site
SiteYes

A reference to the Site where this Cycle occurred.

otherSites
List[Site]No

If the Cycle occurred on multiple Sites, a list of the other Sites.

siteDuration
numberNo

The duration the Site is used for this Cycle in days. For temporary crops, the use period is defined as including the short fallow period and is therefore the period from harvest of the previous crop to harvest of the current crop (siteDuration = cycleDuration when startDateDefinition = harvest of previous crop). For permanent crops, the use period is equal to the cycleDuration. For animal production Cycles, this should be the time the animals are physically present on the Site and siteUnusedDuration should be used to record periods where the Site is un-grazed, fallow, or unused.

otherSitesDuration
array[number|null]No

If a Cycle occurred on multiple Sites, a corresponding array to otherSites with the number of days on each Site.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • otherSites must also be set.

siteUnusedDuration
numberNo

During a Cycle, or over a number of Cycles, Sites are often unused for production for a period of time (e.g., the long fallow duration in crop production systems or periods when animals have been rotated to a different field). The unused duration is included in land occupation calculations. For cropping Cycles, siteUnusedDuration is calculated as the long fallow duration divided by the rotation duration multiplied by the siteDuration. It is therefore a time weighted allocation of the long fallow period to each Cycle in the crop rotation. For animal production Cycles, it is the period when animals are not present on the Site (e.g., if animals spend half the year in housing and half the year on pasture) it would be calculated 365/2 days. For animal production Cycles, if there are no other uses of a Site, it can simply be calculated as cycleDuration - siteDuration for each Site. For aquaculture production Cycles, it is the time between previous harvest and the current stocking (see Fallow period (aquaculture)).

otherSitesUnusedDuration
array[number|null]No

If a Cycle occurred on multiple Sites, a corresponding array to otherSites with the number of days the Site was unused for.

siteArea
numberNo

The area of the site in hectares per functionalUnit. If the functionalUnit is 1 ha, this will default to 1. If the functionalUnit is relative this is the area of site required to produce the products from this Cycle. For cropland, this must be area under cultivation, also called sown area. Harvested area, which can be less than sown area, can be defined using the field harvestedArea.

otherSitesArea
array[number|null]No

If a Cycle occurred on multiple Sites, a corresponding array to otherSites with the area of each of each of the other Sites, in hectares, required to produce the products from this Cycle.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • otherSites must also be set.

harvestedArea
numberNo

For crops, the area harvested per functionalUnit of this Cycle in hectares. Area harvested is the same as area under cultivation if the entire cultivated area is harvested, but less if crops fail or are not harvested for economic or other reasons.

numberOfCycles
integerNo

If data on multiple Cycles are aggregated and represented as a single Cycle, the number of Cycles. For example, Cycles occurred on the same Site in multiple growing seasons might be represented as a single Cycle with standard deviations across Cycles.

treatment
stringNo

A description of the treatment administered by researchers to the experimental unit. Use the numberOfReplications field to specify the number of replicates for each treatment.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • commercialPracticeTreatment must also be set.

commercialPracticeTreatment
booleanNo

Whether this treatment is representative of typical commercial practice. Required if treatment is specified.

numberOfReplications
integerNo

In experimental studies, the number of replicates for the treatment.

sampleWeight
integerNo

In surveys, the sample weight for this Cycle relative to all other Cycles included in the Source.

defaultMethodClassification
stringYes

The default classification of the method used to acquire or estimate all Input, Product, Practice, and Transport data in the Cycle. It can be overridden by specifying a methodClassification for each Input, Product, Practice, or Transport stage.

  • physical measurement means the amount is quantified using weighing, volume measurement, metering, chemical methods, or other physical approaches.
  • verified survey data means the data are initially collected through surveys; all or a subset of the data are verified using physical methods; and erroneous survey data are discarded or corrected.
  • non-verified survey data means the data are collected through surveys that have not been subjected to verification.
  • modelled means a previously calibrated model is used to estimate this data point from other data points describing this Cycle.
  • estimated with assumptions means a documented assumption is used to estimate this data point from other data points describing this Cycle.
  • consistent external sources means the data are taken from external datasets referring to different producers/enterprises:
    • Using the same technology (defined as the same System or the same key Practices as those specified in the Cycle);
    • At the same date (defined as occurring within the startDate and endDate of the Cycle); and
    • In the same region or country.
    Modelling or assumptions may have also been used to transform these data.
  • inconsistent external sources means the data are taken from external datasets referring to different producers/enterprises:
    • Using a different technology (defined as a different System or using different key Practices to those specified in the Cycle);
    • At a different date (defined as occurring within the startDate and endDate of the Cycle); or
    • In a different region or country.
    Modelling or assumptions may have also been used to transform these data.
  • expert opinion means the data have been estimated by experts in the field.
  • unsourced assumption means the data do not have a clear source and/or are based on assumptions only.

Possible values are: physical measurement, verified survey data, non-verified survey data, modelled, estimated with assumptions, consistent external sources, inconsistent external sources, expert opinion, unsourced assumption

defaultMethodClassificationDescription
stringYes

A justification of the defaultMethodClassification used. If the data were estimated with assumptions this field should also describe the assumptions.

defaultSource
SourceNo

The default Source for all data in the Cycle which can be overridden by specifying a source for each Input, Emission, Product, or Practice. Required for public uploads (i.e., where dataPrivate is false).

completeness
CompletenessYes

A specification of how complete the inputs and products data are. If an area of activity data is marked as complete, then the associated Inputs and Products represent a complete description of the Cycle.

practices
List[Practice]No

The Practices used.

practices cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Practice is unique: term.@id, key.@id, dates, startDate, endDate, areaPercent, ownershipStatus, variety, site.id

animals
List[Animal]No

The types of Animal present.

animals cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Animal is unique: animalId

inputs
List[Input]No

The Inputs used.

inputs cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Input is unique: term.@id, dates, startDate, endDate, isAnimalFeed, producedInCycle, transport.term.@id, operation.@id, country.@id, region.@id, impactAssessment.id, site.id, variety, fate

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • fromCycle must not be set.
  • fate must not be set.

products
List[Product]No

The Products created.

products cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Product is unique: term.@id, dates, startDate, endDate, variety, fate

transformations
List[Transformation]No

The Transformations applied to products generated from this Cycle.

transformations cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Transformation is unique: transformationId

emissions
List[Emission]No

The Emissions created.

emissions cannot be duplicated. The following fields determine whether a Emission is unique: term.@id, key.@id, dates, startDate, endDate, depthUpper, depthLower, inputs.@id, animals.@id, transport.@id, operation.@id, transformation.@id, site.id, country.@id

dataPrivate
booleanYes

If these data are private. Private means that HESTIA administrators can access these data and you can grant access to other platform users, but these data will not be made available to any other users of the platform or distributed to third parties.

Internal Properties

The following properties are automatically set when data are uploaded to the HESTIA platform. If they are included in a file which is uploaded, they will be overwritten.

FieldTypeDefinition
@context

The location of the JSON-LD context file.

@id

The unique ID assigned to the Node by HESTIA.

@type

Cycle

name
string

An automatically generated name for the Cycle composed of: primary product name, "-", site.region "," site.country, "-", endDate, "-", treatment, and/or description.

originalId
string

The identifier for these data in the source database (e.g., if the data were converted from openLCA or ecoinvent, the id field from that database).

schemaVersion
string

The version of the schema when these data were created.

added
array[string]

A list of fields that have been added to the original dataset.

addedVersion
array[string]

A list of versions of the model used to add these fields.

updated
array[string]

A list of fields that have been updated on the original dataset.

updatedVersion
array[string]

A list of versions of the model used to update these fields.

aggregated
boolean

If this Cycle has been 'aggregated' using data from multiple Cycles.

aggregatedDataValidated
boolean

If this aggregated Cycle has been validated by the HESTIA team.

aggregatedVersion
string

A version of the aggregation engine corresponding to this Cycle.

aggregatedQualityScore
integer

A data quality score for aggregated data. The points depend on the primary Product of the aggregation. One point is awarded for each of the categories satisfied, according to the table below. For global aggregations, an additional point is awarded for both farm-stage and processing aggregations if the aggregation includes countries representing over 75% of production of the farm-gate product. The global aggregation is then scored out of 4 or 5 for processing and crop respectively.

Primary ProductEmissionsNumber of CyclesYieldCompleteness
CropNo emissions included in the system boundary are missingOver 50 CyclesWithin +/- 20% of FAOSTAT yield for the primary ProductTrue for all priority areas (animalFeed, cropResidue, electricityFuel, excreta, fertiliser, freshForage, ingredient, liveAnimalInput, otherChemical, pesticdieVetinaryDrug, product, seed, water)
Processed foodNo emissions included in the system boundary are missingOver 10 Cycles-True for all priority areas True for all priority areas (electricityFuel, ingredient, product, water)

aggregatedQualityScoreMax
integer

The maximum value for the aggregated quality score.

aggregatedCycles
List[Cycle]

Cycles used to aggregated this Cycle.

aggregatedSources
List[Source]

Sources used to aggregated this Cycle.

covarianceMatrixIds
array[string]

An array of strings which are the column column/row headers of the covarianceMatrix.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • covarianceMatrixIds, covarianceMatrix must also be set.

covarianceMatrix
array[array[number|null]]

For aggregated cycles only, a covariance matrix, represented using the lower triangle only. The covariance matrix describes the covariance between all data items in the Cycle. It is used to generate the distributions of Impact Assessment Indicators. E.g., it contains the covariance between one emission and another. It controls for the fact that data items in the Cycle often covary with another. This covariance generally reduces the variability in the distributions of Indicators.

This field has additional validation rules when set:

  • covarianceMatrixIds, covarianceMatrix must also be set.

createdAt
date

Date created on HESTIA in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD).

updatedAt
date

Last update date on HESTIA in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD).

Example 1

{
  "@context": "https://DOMAIN/schema/Cycle.jsonld",
  "@id": "cycle",
  "@type": "Cycle",
  "name": "Wheat, grain - Forbach, France - 1989",
  "site": {
    "@id": "site",
    "@type": "Site",
    "name": "Field 1",
    "siteType": "cropland",
    "country": {
      "@id": "GADM-FRA",
      "@type": "Term",
      "name": "France",
      "termType": "region"
    }
  },
  "defaultMethodClassification": "verified survey data",
  "defaultMethodClassificationDescription": "Data from a postal survey of 200 farms where researchers followed up with on-site visits to validate the data.",
  "defaultSource": {
    "@id": "source",
    "@type": "Source",
    "name": "Gigou (1990)"
  },
  "endDate": "1989-12-31",
  "startDate": "1989-06-01",
  "startDateDefinition": "harvest of previous crop",
  "cycleDuration": 214,
  "siteDuration": 214,
  "siteArea": 1,
  "description": "50N treatment",
  "commercialPracticeTreatment": false,
  "functionalUnit": "1 ha",
  "completeness": {
    "@type": "Completeness",
    "animalPopulation": true,
    "freshForage": true,
    "ingredient": true,
    "otherChemical": true,
    "operation": false,
    "electricityFuel": false,
    "material": true,
    "transport": true,
    "fertiliser": true,
    "soilAmendment": true,
    "pesticideVeterinaryDrug": true,
    "water": true,
    "animalFeed": true,
    "liveAnimalInput": true,
    "seed": false,
    "product": true,
    "cropResidue": false,
    "excreta": true,
    "waste": false
  },
  "inputs": [
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "CAS-34494-04-7",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Glyphosate",
        "units": "g active ingredient",
        "termType": "pesticideAI"
      },
      "value": [
        400
      ],
      "sd": [
        180
      ],
      "statsDefinition": "replications",
      "observations": [
        10
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "ureaKgN",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Urea (kg N)",
        "units": "kg N",
        "termType": "inorganicFertiliser"
      },
      "value": [
        40
      ],
      "transport": [
        {
          "@type": "Transport",
          "term": {
            "@id": "freightLorry32MetricTon",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Freight, lorry, >32 metric ton",
            "units": "tkm",
            "termType": "transport"
          },
          "value": 8,
          "returnLegIncluded": false,
          "methodClassification": "estimated with assumptions",
          "methodClassificationDescription": "Distance estimated using approximate road distance to likely supplier, assuming 100% load factor.",
          "emissions": [
            {
              "@type": "Emission",
              "term": {
                "@id": "co2ToAirFuelCombustion",
                "@type": "Term",
                "name": "CO2, to air, fuel combustion",
                "units": "kg CO2",
                "termType": "emission"
              },
              "value": [
                0.7
              ],
              "methodModel": {
                "@id": "emepEea2019",
                "@type": "Term",
                "name": "EMEA-EEA (2019)",
                "termType": "model"
              },
              "methodTier": "tier 1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "electricityGridMarketMix",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Electricity, grid, market mix",
        "units": "kWh",
        "termType": "electricity"
      },
      "value": [
        600
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "fixedNitrogenFromPreviousCropKgN",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Fixed nitrogen, from previous crop (kg N)",
        "units": "kg N",
        "termType": "organicFertiliser"
      },
      "value": [
        40
      ],
      "methodClassification": "modelled",
      "methodClassificationDescription": "Modelled using a simple model which links nitrogen fixation to nitrogen fertiliser input (Jensen, 1987, Plant and Soil)."
    }
  ],
  "emissions": [
    {
      "@type": "Emission",
      "term": {
        "@id": "no3ToGroundwaterSoilFlux",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "NO3, to groundwater, soil flux",
        "units": "kg NO3",
        "termType": "emission"
      },
      "value": [
        60.75,
        70.5
      ],
      "dates": [
        "1989-06-16",
        "1989-08-01"
      ],
      "methodModel": {
        "@id": "percolationLysimeter",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Percolation lysimeter",
        "termType": "methodEmissionResourceUse"
      },
      "methodTier": "measured",
      "source": {
        "@id": "source-8v5",
        "@type": "Source",
        "name": "Murwira (1993)"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Emission",
      "term": {
        "@id": "n2OToAirInorganicFertiliserDirect",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "N2O, to air, inorganic fertiliser, direct",
        "units": "kg N2O",
        "termType": "emission"
      },
      "value": [
        0.628
      ],
      "methodModel": {
        "@id": "ipcc2006",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "IPCC (2006)",
        "termType": "model"
      },
      "methodTier": "tier 1"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Emission",
      "term": {
        "@id": "so2ToAirInputsProduction",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "SO2, to air, inputs production",
        "units": "kg SO2",
        "termType": "emission"
      },
      "value": [
        2.11
      ],
      "methodModel": {
        "@id": "ecoinventV3",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "ecoinvent v3",
        "termType": "model"
      },
      "methodTier": "background",
      "inputs": [
        {
          "@id": "electricityGridMarketMix",
          "@type": "Term",
          "name": "Electricity, grid, market mix",
          "termType": "electricity"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "term": {
        "@id": "wheatGrain",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Wheat, grain",
        "units": "kg",
        "termType": "crop"
      },
      "value": [
        7282
      ],
      "primary": true,
      "economicValueShare": 94.8,
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "dryMatter",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Dry matter",
            "units": "%",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 80
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "term": {
        "@id": "wheatStraw",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Wheat, straw",
        "units": "kg",
        "termType": "crop"
      },
      "value": [
        40
      ],
      "economicValueShare": 5.2
    }
  ],
  "practices": [
    {
      "@type": "Practice",
      "term": {
        "@id": "croppingDuration",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Cropping duration",
        "units": "days",
        "termType": "landUseManagement"
      },
      "value": [
        163
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Practice",
      "term": {
        "@id": "shortFallowDuration",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Short fallow duration",
        "units": "days",
        "termType": "landUseManagement"
      },
      "value": [
        50
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Practice",
      "term": {
        "@id": "seedTreated",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Seed treated",
        "termType": "cropEstablishment"
      }
    }
  ],
  "dataPrivate": false
}

Example 2

{
  "@context": "https://DOMAIN/schema/Cycle.jsonld",
  "@id": "cycle",
  "@type": "Cycle",
  "name": "Cattle (beef) - Rondônia, Brazil - 2013",
  "site": {
    "@id": "site",
    "@type": "Site",
    "name": "Pasture - Brazil"
  },
  "otherSites": [
    {
      "@id": "7aalbii",
      "@type": "Site",
      "name": "Animal Housing - Brazil"
    }
  ],
  "endDate": "2013",
  "cycleDuration": 365,
  "startDateDefinition": "one year prior",
  "siteDuration": 300,
  "siteArea": 33.12,
  "otherSitesDuration": [
    65
  ],
  "otherSitesArea": [
    0.28
  ],
  "siteUnusedDuration": 65,
  "otherSitesUnusedDuration": [
    300
  ],
  "defaultMethodClassification": "non-verified survey data",
  "defaultMethodClassificationDescription": "A telephone survey of 50 farms.",
  "defaultSource": {
    "@id": "source",
    "@type": "Source",
    "name": "Alvarez et al (2021)"
  },
  "functionalUnit": "relative",
  "completeness": {
    "@type": "Completeness",
    "animalPopulation": true,
    "freshForage": false,
    "otherChemical": true,
    "ingredient": true,
    "operation": false,
    "electricityFuel": false,
    "material": false,
    "transport": false,
    "fertiliser": true,
    "soilAmendment": true,
    "pesticideVeterinaryDrug": true,
    "water": true,
    "animalFeed": true,
    "liveAnimalInput": true,
    "seed": true,
    "product": true,
    "cropResidue": false,
    "excreta": true,
    "waste": false
  },
  "inputs": [
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "lime",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Lime",
        "units": "kg CaCO3",
        "termType": "soilAmendment"
      },
      "value": [
        250
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Input",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattleCalfWeaned",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle, calf (weaned)",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": [
        4
      ]
    }
  ],
  "animals": [
    {
      "@type": "Animal",
      "animalId": "young beef cattle heifer",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattleHeifer",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle, heifer",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": 15,
      "referencePeriod": "average",
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "age",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Age",
            "units": "days",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 730
        },
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "liveweightPerHead",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Liveweight per head",
            "units": "kg liveweight / head",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 200
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Animal",
      "animalId": "mature beef cattle heifer",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattleHeifer",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle, heifer",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": 10,
      "referencePeriod": "average",
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "age",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Age",
            "units": "days",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 1095
        },
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "liveweightPerHead",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Liveweight per head",
            "units": "kg liveweight / head",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 250
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Animal",
      "animalId": "beef cattle cow",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattleCow",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle (cow)",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": 20,
      "referencePeriod": "average",
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "liveweightPerHead",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Liveweight per head",
            "units": "kg liveweight / head",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 430
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Animal",
      "animalId": "beef cattle bull",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattleBull",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle, bull",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": 1,
      "referencePeriod": "average",
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "liveweightPerHead",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Liveweight per head",
            "units": "kg liveweight / head",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 500
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "term": {
        "@id": "beefCattle",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Beef cattle",
        "units": "number",
        "termType": "liveAnimal"
      },
      "value": [
        10
      ],
      "properties": [
        {
          "@type": "Property",
          "term": {
            "@id": "processingConversionLiveweightToColdDressedCarcassWeight",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Processing conversion, liveweight to cold dressed carcass weight",
            "units": "%",
            "termType": "property"
          },
          "value": 48
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "term": {
        "@id": "excretaBeefCattleExceptFeedlotFedKgMass",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Excreta, beef cattle, except feedlot fed (kg mass)",
        "units": "kg",
        "termType": "excreta"
      },
      "value": [
        1050
      ]
    }
  ],
  "transformations": [
    {
      "@type": "Transformation",
      "transformationId": "excreta-on-pasture",
      "term": {
        "@id": "pastureRangePaddockExcretaManagement",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Pasture/Range/Paddock (excreta management)",
        "termType": "excretaManagement"
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "@type": "Input",
          "term": {
            "@id": "excretaBeefCattleExceptFeedlotFedKgMass",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Excreta, beef cattle, except feedlot fed (kg mass)",
            "units": "kg",
            "termType": "excreta"
          },
          "value": [
            840
          ],
          "fromCycle": false
        }
      ],
      "transformedShare": 80
    },
    {
      "@type": "Transformation",
      "transformationId": "pit-storage",
      "term": {
        "@id": "pitStorageBelowAnimalConfinements",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Pit storage below animal confinements",
        "termType": "excretaManagement"
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "@type": "Input",
          "term": {
            "@id": "excretaBeefCattleExceptFeedlotFedKgMass",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Excreta, beef cattle, except feedlot fed (kg mass)",
            "units": "kg",
            "termType": "excreta"
          },
          "value": [
            210
          ],
          "fromCycle": false
        }
      ],
      "transformedShare": 20
    },
    {
      "@type": "Transformation",
      "transformationId": "lagoon",
      "term": {
        "@id": "liquidSlurry",
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Liquid/Slurry",
        "termType": "excretaManagement"
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "@type": "Input",
          "term": {
            "@id": "excretaBeefCattleExceptFeedlotFedKgMass",
            "@type": "Term",
            "name": "Excreta, beef cattle, except feedlot fed (kg mass)",
            "units": "kg",
            "termType": "excreta"
          },
          "fromCycle": false
        }
      ],
      "transformedShare": 100,
      "previousTransformationId": "pit-storage"
    }
  ],
  "dataPrivate": false
}

Example 3

{
  "@context": "https://www.hestia.earth/schema/Cycle.jsonld",
  "@type": "Cycle",
  "@id": "africanAubergineFruit-cote-divoire-2010-2025-20250427",
  "name": "African aubergine, fruit - Côte d'Ivoire - 2010-2025",
  "startDate": "2010",
  "startDateDefinition": "start of year",
  "endDate": "2025",
  "functionalUnit": "1 ha",
  "defaultSource": {
    "@type": "Source",
    "name": "HESTIA Team (2023)",
    "@id": "pu2wmwp8yfv7"
  },
  "aggregatedQualityScore": 1,
  "aggregatedQualityScoreMax": 4,
  "aggregated": true,
  "defaultMethodClassification": "modelled",
  "defaultMethodClassificationDescription": "aggregated data",
  "site": {
    "@id": "africanAubergineFruit-cote-divoire-2010-2025-20250427",
    "@type": "Site"
  },
  "completeness": {
    "animalFeed": true,
    "animalPopulation": true,
    "cropResidue": false,
    "electricityFuel": true,
    "excreta": true,
    "fertiliser": true,
    "freshForage": true,
    "ingredient": true,
    "liveAnimalInput": true,
    "material": true,
    "operation": false,
    "otherChemical": true,
    "pesticideVeterinaryDrug": true,
    "product": true,
    "seed": true,
    "soilAmendment": true,
    "transport": false,
    "waste": false,
    "water": true,
    "@type": "Completeness"
  },
  "covarianceMatrixIds": [
    "practices.croppingIntensity",
    "practices.longFallowRatio",
    "products.africanAubergineFruit",
    "emissions.noxToAirInputsProduction",
    "emissions.co2ToAirOrganicSoilCultivation",
    "emissions.no3ToGroundwaterCropResidueDecomposition"
  ],
  "covarianceMatrix": [
    [
      20,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    [
      30,
      40,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    [
      10,
      60,
      90,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    [
      4,
      -25,
      -88,
      10,
      0,
      0
    ],
    [
      0.6,
      -10,
      -90,
      11,
      30,
      0
    ],
    [
      75,
      20,
      -15,
      -70,
      2,
      35
    ]
  ],
  "practices": [
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Cropping intensity",
        "termType": "landUseManagement",
        "@id": "croppingIntensity",
        "units": "ratio"
      },
      "value": [
        0.26170096
      ],
      "@type": "Practice"
    },
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Long fallow ratio",
        "termType": "landUseManagement",
        "@id": "longFallowRatio",
        "units": "ratio"
      },
      "value": [
        1.14453049
      ],
      "@type": "Practice"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "termType": "crop",
        "name": "African aubergine, fruit",
        "units": "kg",
        "@id": "africanAubergineFruit"
      },
      "value": [
        16923
      ],
      "economicValueShare": 99.98,
      "primary": true,
      "@type": "Product"
    }
  ],
  "emissions": [
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "NOx, to air, inputs production",
        "termType": "emission",
        "@id": "noxToAirInputsProduction",
        "units": "kg NOx"
      },
      "value": [
        0.124
      ],
      "methodTier": "not relevant",
      "methodModel": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Aggregated models",
        "termType": "model",
        "@id": "aggregatedModels"
      },
      "@type": "Emission"
    },
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "CO2, to air, organic soil cultivation",
        "termType": "emission",
        "@id": "co2ToAirOrganicSoilCultivation",
        "units": "kg CO2"
      },
      "value": [
        509
      ],
      "methodTier": "not relevant",
      "methodModel": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Aggregated models",
        "termType": "model",
        "@id": "aggregatedModels"
      },
      "@type": "Emission"
    },
    {
      "term": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "NO3, to groundwater, crop residue decomposition",
        "termType": "emission",
        "@id": "no3ToGroundwaterCropResidueDecomposition",
        "units": "kg NO3"
      },
      "value": [
        3.18
      ],
      "methodTier": "not relevant",
      "methodModel": {
        "@type": "Term",
        "name": "Aggregated models",
        "termType": "model",
        "@id": "aggregatedModels"
      },
      "@type": "Emission"
    }
  ],
  "dataPrivate": false
}